Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can extend the treatment time window to 24 hours, but this kind of special operation can only be performed in a few qualified hospitals and needs to go through strict screening of indications and contraindications only a few patients can accept MT treatment. ![]() However, this treatment is limited by a short time window (≤ 4.5 hours) and the risk of secondary cerebral hemorrhage. Intravenous injection of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) can recanalize the blocked vessels. Currently, there are few treatment options for ischemic stroke. Due to acute neurological deficits caused by focal cerebral ischemia, it has brought different degrees of disability burden to a large number of patients. Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for 87% of all stroke patients, and its incidence rate is still rising. Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world after ischemic heart disease. And the application of new technology will promote MSC therapy of IS. These data supported the notion that MSC therapy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for IS. ![]() In addition, MSCs combined with some drugs or physical therapy measures also show better neurological improvement. Furthermore, several methods such as hypoxic preconditioning and gene technology could increase the homing and survival ability of MSCs after transplantation. The deliver routine consists of intraventricular, intravascular, intranasal, and intraperitoneal. MSC therapy can prolong the treatment time window of ischemic stroke, and early administration within 7 days after stroke may be the best treatment opportunity. Transplantation of MSCs-derived EVs (MSCs-EVs) affords a better neuroprotective against IS when compared with transplantation of MSCs alone. In addition, nutritional cytokines, mitochondria, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be the main mediators of the therapeutic effect of MSCs. The mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of IS involved with immune regulation, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and neural circuit reconstruction. The current article is aimed at reviewing the progress of MSC treatment on IS. Notably, recent studies indicated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) therapy is becoming a novel research hotspot with large potential in treating multiple human diseases including IS. ![]() Despite the great efforts that have been made, the prognosis of patients with IS remains unsatisfactory. In the future, stem cell research in stroke can be combined with gene editing technology and drug treatment to improve the safety and effectiveness of stem cell therapy in the hope of promoting the research of regenerative medicine for stroke.Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and disability worldwide. Based on the guidelines for stem cell research of stroke, this review elaborates on the action mechanism and clinical reasearch of stem cells for the treatment of stroke, including neural stem cells ( human neural precursor cell line NT2/D1 and human immortalized neural stem cell line CTX) and adult stem cells ( bone marrow mononuclear cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and multipotent adult progenitor cells), while disclosing the limitations of stem cell therapy. In the future, stroke stem cell research can be combined with genetic editing, 3D and other emerging technologies or drug treatments, to promote the development of stroke stem cell regenerative medicine. Stem cell therapy has been proposed as a potential regenerative strategy for stroke patients. As few as 3%-5% of ischemic stroke patients have access to drug treatment with tissue plasminogen activators, and no drug treatment is available to patients of hemorrhagic stroke. ABSTRACT Stroke is the leading cause of death and major cause of diability in China, but with few effective therapies.
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